CENTER FOR LAWS OF NIGERIA: FEDERAL LAWS
DOWNLOAD OF A COPY OF THIS LAW IS AVAILABLE [N1,500 (PDF)] CLICK HERE FOR ONLINE PAYMENT. PDF COMPENDIUMS OF ALL THE LAWS OF NIGERIA, LAGOS AND OTHER STATES ARE ALSO AVAILABLE. EMAIL: lawnigeria@gmail.com or info@lawnigeria or Text/WhatsApp +23407067102097
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 2011
EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM
This Act makes public records and information more freely available, provide for public access to public records and information, protect public records and information to the extent consistent with the public interest and the protection of personal privacy, protect serving public officers from adverse consequences for disclosing certain kinds of official information without authorization and establish procedures for the achievement of those purposes.
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT, 2011
An Act to make public records and information more freely available, provide for public access to public records and information, protect public records and information to the extent consistent with the public interest and the protection of personal privacy, protect serving public officers from adverse consequences in disclosing certain kinds of official information without authorization and establish procedures for the achievement of those purposes and; for related matters.
[Commencement
ENACTED by the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria –
Right of access to records.
(2) An applicant under this Act needs not demonstrate any specific interest in the information being applied for.
(3) Any person entitled to the right to information under this Act, shall have the right to institute proceedings in the Court to compel any public institution to comply with the provisions of this Act.
Information about public institutions.
(2) A public institution shall ensure the proper organization and maintenance of all information in its custody in a manner that facilitates public access to such information.
(3) A public institution shall cause to be published in accordance with subsection (4) of this section, the following information-
(a) a description of the organization and responsibilities of the institution including details of the programmes and functions of each division, branch and department of the institution;
(b) a list of all –
(i) classes of records under the control of the institution In sufficient detail to facilitate the exercise of the right to information under this Act, and
(ii) manuals used by employees of the institution In administering or carrying out any of the programmes or activities of the institution;
(c) a description of documents containing final opinions including concurring and dissenting opinions as well as orders made in the adjudication of cases;
(d) documents containing –
(i) substantive rules of the institution,
(ii) statements and interpretations of policy which have been adopted by the institution,
(iii) final planning policies, recommendations, and decisions;
(iv) factual reports, inspection reports, and studies whether prepared by or for the institution;
(v) information relating to the receipt or expenditure of public or other funds of the institution;
(vi) the names, salaries, titles, and dates of employment of all employees and officers of the institution;
(vii) the rights of the state, public institutions, or of any private person(s);
(viii) the name of every official and the final records of voting in all proceedings of the institution;
(e) a list of-
(i) files containing applications for any contract, permit, grants, licenses or agreements,
(ii) reports, documents, studies, or publications prepared by independent contractors for the institution, and
(iii) materials containing information relating to any grant or contract made by or between the institution and another public institution or private organization;
(f) the title and address of the appropriate officer of the institution to whom an application for information under this Act shall be sent, provided that the failure of any public institution to publish any information under this subsection shall not prejudicially affect the public’s right of access to information in the custody of such public institution.
(4) A public institution shall ensure that information referred to in this section is widely disseminated and made readily available to members of the public through various means, including print, electronic and online sources, and at the offices of such public institutions.
(5) A public institution shall update and review information required to be published under this section periodically, and immediately whenever changes occur.
(6) A person entitled to the right of access conferred by this Act shall have the right to institute proceedings in the Court to compel any public institution to comply with the provisions of this section.
(7) Public institutions are all authorities whether executive, legislative or judicial agencies, ministries, and extra-ministerial departments of the government, together with all corporations established by law and all companies in which government has a controlling interest, and private companies utilizing public funds, providing public services or performing public functions.
Request for access to records.
(2) For the purpose of this Act, any information or record applied for under this Act that does not exist in print but can by regulation be produced from a machine, normally used by the government or public institution shall be deemed to be record under the control of the government or public institution.
(3) Illiterate or disabled applicants who by virtue of their illiteracy or disability are unable to make an application for access to information or record in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, may make that application through a third party.
(4) An authorized official of a government or public institution to whom an applicant makes an oral application for information or record, shall reduce the application into writing in the manner prescribed under subsection (1) by giving notice of the extension stating whether the extension falls under the circumstances set out in this section, which notice shall contain a statement that the applicant has aright to have the decision to extend the time limit reviewed by the Court.
Where access is refused
(2) A notification of denial of any application for information or records shall state the names, designation and signature, of each person responsible for the denial of such application.
(3) The government or public institution shall be required to indicate under subsection (1) of this section whether the information or record exists.
(4) Where the government or public institution fails to give access to information or record applied for under this Act or part thereof within the time limit set out in this Act, the institution shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to have refused to give access.
(5) Where a case of wrongful denial of access is established, the defaulting officer or institution commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine of N500,000.
Fees.
Record keeping and maintenance of records.
(2) Every government or public institution shall ensure the proper organization and maintenance of all information or record in its custody, in a manner that facilitates public access to such information or record under this Act.
Destruction or falsification of records.
Exemption of international affairs and defence.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), an application for information shall not be denied where the public interest in disclosing the information outweighs whatever injury that disclosure would cause.
Exemption of law enforcement and investigation.
(a) records compiled by any public institution for administrative enforcement proceedings and by any law enforcement or correctional agency for law enforcement purposes or for internal matters of a public institution, but only to the extent that disclosure would –
(i) interfere with pending or actual and reasonably contemplated law enforcement proceedings conducted by any law enforcement or correctional agency,
(ii) interfere with pending administrative enforcement proceedings conducted by any public institution,
(iii) deprive a person of a fair trial or an impartial hearing,
(iv) unavoidably disclose the identity of a confidential source,
(v) constitute an invasion of personal privacy under section 15 of this Act, except, where the interest of the public would be better served by having such record being made available, this exemption to disclosure shall not apply, and
(vi) obstruct an ongoing criminal investigation; and
(b) information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to be injurious to the security of penal institutions.
(2) Notwithstanding anything’ contained in this section, an application for information shall not be denied where the public interest in disclosing the information outweighs whatever injury that disclosure would cause.
(3) A public institution may deny an application for information that could reasonably be expected to facilitate the commission of an offence.
(4) For the purposes of section (1) (a), “enforcement proceeding” means an investigation that-
(a) pertains to the administration or enforcement of any Act, law or regulation;
(b) is authorized by or pursuant to any Act, law or regulation.
Training of officials on the right to information and on the effective implementation of this Act.
Exemption of personal information.
(a) files and personal information maintained with respect to clients, patients, residents, students, or other individuals receiving social, medical, educational, vocational, financial, supervisory or custodial care or services directly or indirectly from public institutions;
(b) personnel files and personal information maintained with respect to employees, appointees or elected officials of any public institution or applicants for such positions;
(c) files and personal information maintained with respect to any applicant, registrant or licensee by any government or public institution cooperating with or engaged in professional or occupational registration, licensure or discipline;
(d) information required of any tax payer in connection with the assessment or collection of any tax unless disclosure is otherwise requested by the statute; and
(e) information revealing the identity of persons who file complaints with or provide information to administrative, investigative, law enforcement or penal agencies on the commission of any crime.
(2) A public institution shall disclose any information that contains personal information if –
(a) the individual to whom it relates consents to the disclosure; or
(b) the information is publicly available.
(3) Where disclosure of any information referred to in this section would be in the public interest, and if the public interest in the disclosure of such information clearly outweighs the protection of the privacy of the individual to whom such information relates, the public institution to whom a request for disclosure is made shall disclose such information subject to section 14 (2) of this Act.
Exemption of third party
(a) trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained information. from a person or business where such trade secrets or information are proprietary, privileged or confidential, or where disclosure of such trade secrets or information may cause harm to the interests of the third party provided that nothing contained in this subsection shall be construed as preventing a person or business from consenting to disclosure;
(b) information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to interfere with the contractual or other negotiations of a third party; and
(c) proposal and bids for any contract, grants, or agreement, including information which if it were disclosed would frustrate procurement or give an advantage to any person.
(2) A public institution shall, notwithstanding subsection (1), deny disclosure of a part of a record if that part contains the result or product of environmental testing carried out by or on behalf of a public institution.
(3) Where the public institution discloses information, or a part thereof, that contains the results of a product or environmental testing, the institution shall at the same time as the information or part thereof is disclosed provide the applicant with a written explanation of the methods used in conducting the test.
(4) A public institution shall disclose any information described in subsection (1) of this section if that disclosure .would be in the public interest as it relates to public health, public safety or protection of the environment and, if the public interest in the disclosure clearly outweighs in importance any financial loss or gain to, or prejudice to, the competitive position of or interference with contractual or other negotiation of a third party.
Exemption of professional or other privileges conferred by law.
(a) legal practitioner-client privilege;
(b) health workers-client privilege;
(c) journalism confidentiality privileges; and
(d) any other professional privileges conferred by an Act.
Exemption of course or research material.
Severability.
Denial by a public institute to disclose records.
(a) test questions, scoring keys and other examination data used to administer an academic examination or determine the qualifications of an application for a license or employment;
(b) architects’ and engineers’ plans for buildings not constructed in whole or in part with public funds and for buildings constructed with public funds, to the extent that disclosure would compromise security; and
(c) library circulation arid other records identifying library users with specific materials:
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, an application for information shall not be denied where the public interest in. disclosing the information outweighs whatever injury that disclosure would cause.
Judicial review.
Hearing in a summary way
Access to information by the Court.
Court to take precautions against disclosing information.
Burden of proof.
Order to disclose information.
(a) if the Court determined that the institution is not authorized to deny the application for information;
(b) where the institution is so authorized, but the Court nevertheless determines that the institution does not have reasonable grounds on which to deny the application; or
(c) where the Court makes a finding that the interest of the public in having the record being made available is greater and more vital than the interest being served if the application is denied, in whatever circumstance.
(2) Any order the Court makes in pursuance of this section may be made subject to such conditions as the Court deems appropriate.
Exempted materials,
(a) published material or material available for purchase by the public;
(b) library or museum material made or acquired and preserved solely for public reference or exhibition purposes; or
(c) material placed in the National Library, National Museum or nonpublic section of the National Archives of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on behalf of any person or organization other than a government or public institution.
Protection of Public Officers
(2) Nothing contained in the Criminal Code or Official Secrets Act shall prejudicially affect any public officer who, without authorization, discloses to any person, an information which he reasonably believes to show –
(a) a violation of any law, rule or regulation;
(b) mismanagement, gross waste of funds, fraud, and abuse of authority; or
(c) a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety notwithstanding that such information was not disclosed pursuant to the provision of this Act.
(3) No civil or criminal proceedings shall lie against any person receiving the information or further disclosing it.
Documents under classification
(2) If the public institution to which the application in subsection (1) is made, decides that such information is not a type mentioned in the sections referred to in subsection (1), access to such information shall be given to the applicant.
(3) If the public institution, to which the application mentioned in subsection (1) is made, decides that such information is of a type mentioned in sections referred to in subsection (1), it shall give notice to the applicant.
Submission of reports.
(a) the number of determinations made by the public institution not to comply with applications for information made to such public institution and the reasons for such determinations;
(b) the number of appeals made by persons under this Act, and the reason for the action upon each appeal that results in a denial of information;
(c) a description of whether the Court has upheld the decision of the public institution to withhold information under such circumstances and a concise description of the scope of any information withheld;
(d) the number of applications for information pending before the public institution as of October 31 of the preceding year and the median number of days that such application had been pending before the public institution as of that date;
(e) the number or applications for information received by the public institution and the number of applications which the public institution processed;
(f) the median number of days taken by the public institution to process different types of application for information;
(g) the total amount of fees collected by the public institution to process such applications; and
(h) the number of full-time staff of the public institution devoted to processing applications for information, and the total amount expended by the public institution for processing such applications.
(2) Each public institution shall make such report available to the public, among other means, by computer and telecommunications, or if computer and telecommunications means have not been established by the government or public institution, by other electronic means.
(3) The Attorney-General shall make each report, which has been submitted to him, available to the public in hard copies, online and also at a single electronic access point.
(4) The Attorney General shall notify the Chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Government Reform Oversight of the House of Representatives and the Chairman and ranking minority member of the Committees on Government Affairs and the Judiciary of the Senate, not later than April of the year in which each such report is issued, of the existence of such report and make it available to them in hard copies as well as by electronic means.
(5) The Attorney-General shall develop reporting and performance guidelines in connection with reports required by this section and may establish additional requirements for such reports as the Attorney-General determines may be useful.
(6) The Attorney General shall in his oversight responsibility under this Act ensure that all institutions to which this Act applies comply with the provisions of the Act.
(7) The Attorney-General shall submit to the National Assembly an annual report on or before April 1 of each calendar year which shall include for the prior calendar year a listing of the number of cases arising under this Act, the exemption involved in each case, the disposition of such cases, and the cost, fees, and penalties assessed.
(8) Such report shall also include detailed description of the efforts taken by the Ministry of Justice to encourage all government or public institutions to comply with this Act.
(9) For purposes of this section, the term-
(a) “Government” includes any executive department, military department, government corporation, government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any other arm of government, independent or regulatory government agency or public institution; and
(b) “Information” means any term used in this Act in reference to information or record which includes any information that would be held by a government or public institution and information subject to the requirements of this Act, when maintained by any public institution in any format, including electronic format.
Complimentary procedures.
(2) Where the question whether any public record or information is to be made available, where that question arises under this Act, the question shall be determined in accordance with the provision stated herein, unless otherwise exempted by this Act.
“Applicant” refers to any person who applies for information under this Act;
“Application” refers to any request for information made under this Act;
“Court” means a High Court OJ Federal High Court respectively.
“Foreign State” means any State other than the Federal Republic of Nigeria;
“Information” includes a records, documents and information stored in whatever form, including written, electronic, visual images, sound, audio recording, etc.
“Public institution” means any legislative, executive, judicial, administrative or advisory body of the government, including boards, bureau, committees or commissions of the State, and any subsidiary body of those bodies including but not limited to committees and sub-committees which are supported in whole or in part by public fund or which expends public fund and private bodies providing public services, performing public functions or utilizing public funds;
“Public record or document” means a record in any form having been prepared, or having been or being used, received, possessed or under the control of any public or private bodies relating to maters of public interest and includes any-
(a) writing on any material;
(b) information recorded or stored or other devices; and any material subsequently derived from information so recorded or stored;
(c) label, marking, or other writing that identifies or describes anything of which it forms part, or to which it is attached by any means;
(d) book, card, form, map, plan, graph, or drawing,
(e) photograph, film, negative, microfilm, tape, or other device in which one or more visual images are embodied so as to be capable (with or without the aid of some other equipment) of being reproduced;
“Minister” means the Minister charged with responsibility for information;
“Person” include a corporation sole and body of persons whether corporate or incorporate; acting individually or as a group;
“Personal information” means any official information held about an identifiable person, but does not include information that bears on the duties of public employees and officials.
READ MORE | DOWNLOAD PDF |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE LAWS OF NIGERIA (UPDATED)
LAWS MADE BY THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF NIGERIA [1999 – 2019]