CENTER FOR NIGERIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS – [STATUTES, REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, STANDARDS AND CASES]
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Environmental Law System of Nigeria
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| FEDERATION LEGISLATIONS | COMMENT |
| Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria | Section 20 [of the Nigerian State to improve and protect the air, land, water, forest and wildlife of Nigeria]
Section 12 [Treaty making powers and procedure of the Federation |
| National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act, 2007
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Section 7: Authority to ensure compliance with all of Nigeria’s environmental laws and treaty obligations Section 8 (1) K and Section 27: Authority to make and review regulations on air and water quality, discharge of effluents and other harmful substances as well as control of other forms of environmental pollution NESREA REGULATIONS 1. National Effluent Limitation regulations 2. National Environment Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities producing Waste) regulations, 1991 3. Federal Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Regulations (1991) |
| Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act, Cap E12, LFN, 2004 | Section 2: Requirement for environmental impact assessment report for private and public projects likely to have significant impact on the environment |
| The Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Act, Cap N138, 2004 |
Section 30: Requirement for a building plan by a registered architect before commencement of any building project Section 39: Making the acceptance of a land development plan contingent on proof it would not harm the environment or constitute nuisance to the community Section 72: Mandates the preservation of the environment through tree planting and other environmental conservation practices |
| Land Use Act | Grants control over land to Government of State for proper allocation towards purpose beneficial to the communities in the State including environmental conservation |
| Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Act, Cap H1, LFN 2004 | Makes illegal and unlawful the dumping of harmful waste in the air, land or waters of Nigeria. Prohibits and criminalizes unauthorised transportation, depositing or dumping of harmful waste on any land, territorial Waters, contiguous zone, Exclusive Economic Zone, or inland Water ways of Nigeria. |
| Hydrocarbon Oil Refineries Act, Cap H5, LFN 2004 | Restricts oil refining to licensed refineries required to maintain pollution prevention facilities and standards |
| Oil in Navigable Waters Act, Cap 06, LFN 2004 | Outlaws the discharge of oil into Nigerian territorial waters as well as requires the installation of anti-pollution facilities in ships and related apparatus or facilities for transferring or storage of oil |
| Associated Gas Re-Injection Act, Cap 20, LFN 204 | Regulates gas flaring of gas by oil and gas companies in Nigeria |
| The Endangered Species Act, Cap E9, LFN 2004 | Provides a legal framework for the protection and management of Nigeria’s wildlife especially species in danger of extinction |
| Sea Fisheries Act, Cap S4, LFN 2004 | Provides a legal framework for the exploitation of fishes and other marine animals in Nigeria’s territorial waters or high seas with a view towards their preservation |
| Inland Fisheries Act, Cap I10, LFN 2004 | Outlines a legal framework for commercial fishing and other operations in Nigeria’s inland waterways so as to preserve the quality of life of its inhabitants |
| Exclusive Economic Zone Act, Cap E11, LFN 2004 | Designates Exclusive Zone within which only restricted and permitted exploration and exploitation of natural resources are allowed |
| Oil Pipelines Act, Cap O7, LFN 2004 | Establishes legal liability in compensation for physical or economic injury suffered as a result of a broken or leaking oil pipeline. Also restricts grant of licence for the establishment of oil pipelines based on public safety and environmental pollution considerations |
| Oil Pipelines Regulations (under Oil Pipelines) Act | Mandates environmental emergency plans and measures for oil pipelines operations to prevent or limit environmental pollution |
| Petroleum Act, Cap P10, LFN 2004
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Serves as the primary legislation for the Nigerian Oil and Gas sector and includes provisions mandating the promotion of public safety and environmental protection measures, practices and standards REGULATIONS MADE THEREUNDER 1. Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations 2. Petroleum Refining Regulation 3. Mineral Oil Safety Regulations and Crude Oil Transportation and Shipment Regulations |
| The National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency Act 2005 (NOSDRA) Act: | Provides a regulatory framework for management of waste emanating from oil production and exploration so as to reduce its negative consequences to the environment. |
| Petroleum Products and Distribution Act, Cap P12, LFN 2004 | Establishes a legal framework for the distribution of petroleum products in Nigeria |
| Territorial Waters Act, Cap T5, LFN 2004 | Makes punishable any act or omission committed within Nigeria’s territorial waters which would be an offence under any existing Nigerian law |
| Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act, Cap N142, LFN 2004 | Provides a legal framework for the protection of the environment from harmful effects arising from operations related to radioactive substances or equipment or devices emitting ionizing radiation |
| Nigerian Mining Corporation Act, Cap N120, LFN 2004 | Establishes the Nigerian Mining Corporation as well as civil liability for physical and economic damages suffered by any person due to the operations of the Corporation |
| Quarantine Act, Cap Q2, LFN 204 | Provides a regulatory framework and standards to prevent the spread or transmission of infectious diseases or unwanted species of animals or plants in Nigeria. |
| Rivers Basin Development Authority Act, Ca R9, LFN 2004 | Establishes authorities for the development of Nigeria’s water resources for industrial, agricultural and other domestic needs including the controls of floods and erosions |
| Pest Control of Production (Special Powers) Act, Cap P9, LFN 2004. | Focused on securing quality of Nigeria’s export produce especially in relation to compliance with standards relating to use of pest control |
| Agriculture (Control of Importation) Act, Ca A93, LFN 2004 | Legal framework for the control of the introduction or spread of plant diseases or pests |
| Animal Diseases (Control) Act, Cap A17, LFN 2004 | Provides a framework for the restriction of importation into and transportation of animals, hatching egg or poultry in Nigeria except with a licence so as to prevent or control the spread of animal diseases |
| Bees (Import Control and Management) Act, Cap B6, LN 2004 | Provides a licensing framework for the import of bees or apicultural materials into Nigeria. |
| Civil Aviation Act, Cap C13, LFN 2004 | Provides a legal framework for the protection of persons and cargo in an aircraft as well as others who may be endangered from them in Nigeria |
| Factories Act, Cap F1, LFN 2004 | Provides a legal framework for the regulation of safety standards for the operation of factories in Nigeria as well as the protection of workers exposed to occupational hazards. |
| Water Resources Act, Cap W2, LFN 2004 | Establishes a framework for the management, improvement and development of Nigeria’s water resources including the prevention of pollution which may threaten flora and fauna within them |
| Hides and Skins Act, Cap H3, LFN 2004 | Provides regulations for the operation of business relating to the preparation of hides and skins in Nigeria for trading and other purposes |
| National Parks Act, Cap N65, LFN 2004 | Establishes the National Park concerned with the establishment of protected wildlife spaces for plant and animals conservation as well as other purposes like water catchment protection, etc. |
| Niger Delta Development Commission, NDDC, Act, Cap N68, LFN | Establishes the NDDC to tackle developmental issues in Nigeria’s Niger Delta including combating environmental pollution |
| The Criminal Code |
Deploys criminal sanctions towards the deterring of negative environmental practices Sections 245-248 criminalizes certain environmentally damaging behaviour like water fouling and the use of noxious substances. |
| The Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Regulations | Regulates the collection, treatment and disposal of solid and hazardous waste from municipal and industrial sources. It also provides an index of chemicals and chemical waste by their toxicity categories. |
| The National Effluents Limitations Regulations | |
| The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria | |
| National Policy on the Environment |
NATIONAL AGENCIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency, NESREA
- Federal Ministry of Environment (FMOE)
- Federal Ministry of Water Resources
- National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA)
- Federal Ministry of Environment, Housing and Urban Development (FMEHUD)
- Department of Petroleum Resources
- Abuja Environmental Protection Agency
FOR STATE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND AGENCIES, CLICK HERE
BILATERAL TREATY RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT |
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| Country | Treaty Title | Date of Entry into Force |
| South Africa | Agreement on Co-operation in the Fields of Mining, Geology, Exploration and Beneficiation of Minerals and Energy. | 2005-07-27 (in South Africa) |
MULTILATERAL TREATY RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT
| Title of Treaty or Convention | Date of Entry into Force | Date Signed |
| Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer | 10/4/96 | |
| International Convention to combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa | 26/12/96 | 31/10/94 |
| International Convention on Salvage | 14/7/96 | 28/4/89 |
| Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 | 28/7/96
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25/10/94
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| International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co operation | 13/5/95 | |
| Framework Convention on Climate Change | 27/11/94 | 13/6/92 |
| Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio Conference) | 27/11/94 | 13/6/92 |
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea | 16/11/94 | 10/12/82 |
| Deserficiation Convention | 30/10/94 | 08/7/97 |
| Convention on Nuclear Safety | 21/9/94 | |
| Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and their Destruction | 13/1/93 | |
| International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights | 29/10/93 | |
| Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel Convention) | 05/5/92 | 15/3/90 |
| Convention of the Carriage of Goods by Sea | 01/11/92 | |
| Treaty establishing the African Economic Community | 03/6/91 | |
| Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident | 10/9/90 | 21/1/87 |
| Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency | 10/9/90 | |
| Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) | 29/1/89 | |
| Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna Convention) | 29/1/89 | |
| Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) | 10/4/89 | 21/1/87 |
| Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions relating to the Protection of Victims of Non International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) | 10/4/89 | |
| Fourth ACP EEC Convention | 15/12/89 | |
| Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (art. XI) | 13/4/87 | |
| International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage | 10/12/87 | |
| Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals | 01/1/87 | |
| Protocol relating to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS Prot.) | 13/2/85 | |
| International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers | 13/2/85 | |
| Constitution of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization | 21/6/85 | 08/4/79 |
| Third ACP EEC Convention | 08/12/84 | |
| Convention for Co operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region | 05/8/84 | 23/5/81 |
| Protocol concerning Co operation in combating Pollution in cases of Emergency | 05/8/84 | 23/5/81 |
| Convention Creating the Niger Basin Authority | 03/12/82 | 21/11/80 |
| Protocol relating to the Development Fund of the Niger Basin | 03/12/82 | 21/11/80 |
| International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) | 07/8/81 | |
| Amendments to the Annexes to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter | 11/3/81 | |
| International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage | 05/8/81 | |
| Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties | 27/1/80 | 23/5/69 |
| Amendments to Annexes to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter concerning Incineration at Sea | 11/3/79 | |
| Agreement on the Joint Regulations on Fauna and Flora | 03/12/77 | 03/12/77 |
| Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea | 15/7/77 | |
| Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter | 18/4/76 | |
| Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage | 17/12/75 | |
| Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) | 01/7/75 | 11/2/74 |
| Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction | 26/3/75 | 03/7/72 |
| African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | 07/6/74 | 15/9/68 |
| Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects launched into Outer Space | 26/2/73 | 03/5/68 |
| Agreement concerning the Voluntary Contributions to be given for the Execution of the Project to save the Temples of Philae | 24/1/72 | |
| Convention on the Continental Shelf | 28/5/71 | |
| Treaty on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons | 05/3/70 | 01/7/68 |
| Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards | 15/6/70 | |
| International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil,1954, as amended in 1962 and 1969 | 22/4/68 | |
| Convention and Statute on the Regime of Navigable Waterways of International Concern | 07/2/68 | |
| Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare | 15/10/68 | |
| Articles of Association for the establishment of an Economic Community of West Africa | 04/5/67 | 04/5/67 |
| Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water | 17/2/67 | 02/9/63 |
| Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies | 14/11/67 | |
| International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea | 28/2/66 | |
| Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas | 20/3/66 | |
| Agreement concerning the River Niger Commission and the Navigation and Transport on the River Niger | 12/4/66 | |
| Act regarding Navigation and Economic Co- operation between the States of the Niger Basin | 01/2/66 | |
| Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency | 25/3/64 | |
| International Convention on Certain Rules concerning Civil Jurisdiction in Matters of Collision | 07/5/64 | |
| Agreement concerning the voluntary contributions to be given for the execution of the project to save the Abu Simbel Temples | 06/3/64 | |
| Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone | 10/9/64 | |
| Agreement establishing the African Development Bank | 10/9/64 | |
| Statute of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law | 29/10/64 | |
| Charter of the Organization of African Unity | 14/11/63 | |
| Convention on the African Migratory Locust | 13/4/63 | |
| Convention on the High Seas | 30/9/62 | |
| Agreement of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development | 30/3/61 | 30/3/61 |
| Statutes of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property | 12/12/61 | |
| Articles of Agreement of the International Development Association | 14/11/61 | |
| Agreement of the International Monetary Fund | 30/3/61 | 30/3/61 |
| Convention on International Civil Aviation Annex 16 Aircraft Noise | 14/12/60 | |
| Convention of the World Meteorological Organization | 30/12/60 | |
| Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization | 14/11/60 | 02/11/60 |
| Constitution of the World Health Organization | 25/11/60 | 25/11/60 |
| Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | 11/10/60 | |
| Constitution of the International Labour Organisation | 17/10/60 | |
| Charter of the United Nations | 07/10/60 | |
| Convention on the International Maritime Organization | 15/3/60 | |
| General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade | 01/10/60 |
